ABSTRACT: Neurologic outcome prediction, or neuroprognostication, after severe brain injury in children is a challenging task and has many ethical dimensions. Neurologists and intensivists are frequently asked by families to predict functional recovery after brain…

IMPORTANCE: Human trafficking and exploitation of children have profound health consequences. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest survey on the health of child and adolescent survivors of human trafficking. OBJECTIVE: To describe experiences of abuse and…

OBJECTIVES: To examine variation across US hospitals in evaluation for occult fractures in (1) children <2 years old diagnosed with physical abuse and (2) infants <1 year old with injuries associated with a high likelihood of abuse and to identify factors associated with…

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine abusive head trauma (AHT) incidence before, during and after the recession of 2007–2009 in 3 US regions and assess the association of economic measures with AHT incidence. METHODS: Data for children <5 years old diagnosed with AHT between…

Globally, more than two billion persons have been infected at some time with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) (1), and approximately 3.5 million refugees have chronic HBV infection (2). The endemicity of HBV varies by region (3). Because chronic hepatitis B is infectious and persons with…

At the request of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Human Services (DHS), PolicyLab analyzed trends in the use of psychotropic medications by Medicaid-enrolled children and youth in Pennsylvania, including those specifically in foster care. The analysis focused…

This Evidence to Action brief provides an in-depth look at antipsychotic medication prescribing to children on Medicaid and in foster care. At PolicyLab, our research portfolio on psychotropic medication prescribing grew from clinical concern that an increased number of children in…

Randomized controlled trials are the “gold standard” for estimating the causal effects of treatments. However, it is often not feasible to conduct such a trial because of ethical concerns or budgetary constraints. We expand upon an approach to the analysis of …

ABSTRACT: We describe health and psychosocial outcomes of HIV+ young transgender women (YTW) engaged in care across the United States. When compared to other behaviorally infected youth (BIY), YTW reported higher rates of unemployment (25% vs. 19%), limited educational…

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe rates and patterns of long- and short-acting alpha agonist use for behavioral problems in a primary care population following Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the long-acting alpha agonists guanfacine and…